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Cloud computing is simply the use of technological resources to store, retrieve, and process data over the internet for increased speed, availability, scalability, and cost savings. Cloud service providers are companies that provide the resources for doing these things. Microsoft Azure is one such cloud service provider. On February 1, 2010, Microsoft launched Azure, which followed the pay-per-use model, allowing users to pay only for what they have chosen.
\nAzure has evolved into a leading service provider, with approximately 80% of Fortune 500 companies relying on Azure to host their applications, resources, or other computing requirements. Azure supports a variety of programming languages, including Java, C#, and NodeJS, and offers over 200 cloud computing services.<\/p>\n
Well, Azure offers a wide range of services that enable us to create any type of web application and host it on Azure. Azure also provides a dedicated environment for testing the application before releasing it to the intended audience. In Azure, creating and configuring virtual machines is now easier than ever.
\nAzure also offers a variety of integration and synchronization features for virtual directories and virtual devices. Azure also provides extensive monitoring tools that aid in the collection of metrics for your application in order to understand how well it performs. Massive amounts of data can now be stored on the cloud thanks to the virtual hard drive feature.
\nWith such amazing features offered by Azure and ever-growing demand by businesses to Azure, being an Azure certified professional opens up a path for a wide range of career opportunities like being an Azure Administrator, Azure Developer, Azure Solutions Architect, etc all providing amazing pay benefits.<\/p>\n
Here are some of the most common Azure Interview Questions for Freshers.<\/p>\n
1. What do you understand about cloud computing?<\/strong> 2. Can you tell something about Azure Cloud Service?<\/strong> 3. What are the various models available for cloud deployment?<\/strong> 4. Define role instance in Azure.<\/strong> 5. How many cloud service roles are provided by Azure?<\/strong> 6. Why is Azure Diagnostics API needed?<\/strong> 7. Define Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?<\/strong> 8. What is Azure Resource Manager?<\/strong> 9. What is NSG?<\/strong> Here are some of the most common Azure Interview questions for intermediates.<\/p>\n 1. What is an Azure Redis Cache?<\/strong> 2. Define Azure virtual machine scale sets<\/strong> 3. What do you understand about the \u201cAvailability Set\u201d?<\/strong> Fault Domain:<\/strong> These define the grouping of VMs that would share a common power source and common network switch. The VMs within availability sets are separated across up to 3 fault domains by default. This separation of VMs in fault domains helps our applications to be available by reducing impacts of network outages, power interruptions, and certain hardware failures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Update Domain<\/strong>: These indicate the grouping of VMs and underlying hardware which are eligible to be rebooted at the same time. Only one update domain can be rebooted at a time, however, the order of reboot does not proceed in a sequential manner. Before the maintenance of another update domain, the previously rebooted domain is given a recovery time of 30 minutes to ensure that the domain is up. 4. What are the available options for deployment environments provided by Azure?<\/strong> 5. What do you need to do when drive failure occurs?<\/strong> 6. Is it possible to design applications that handle connection failure in Azure?<\/strong> Instead of showing errors to the user periodically, the application can recognize the errors that are transient and automatically try to perform the same operation again typically after some seconds with the hope of establishing the connection. By making use of the Transient Fault Handling Application Block mechanism, we can generate the retry intervals and make the application perform retries. In the majority of the cases, the error would be resolved on the second try and hence the user need not be made aware of these errors unnecessarily.<\/p>\n 7. Define azure storage key.<\/strong> 8. What is cspack in Azure?<\/strong> 9. What is the best Azure solution for executing the code without a server?<\/strong> 10. What would be the best feature recommended by Azure for having a common file sharing system between multiple virtual machines?<\/strong> 1. What do you understand by Azure Scheduler?<\/strong> 2. Is it possible to map the Windows machines running on two different port numbers, say 80 and 81, on an IIS Web Server to an Azure Load Balancer?<\/strong> 3. You have an application running on the On-Prem Server and have backup on Azure East US region. Now, On-Prem server application access fails. Is it possible to access the application via the Azure environment?<\/strong> 4. What feature of Azure can be used to stop the issue of high load on the application in cases of no man support on the flow?<\/strong> 5. What are the types of storage services apart from blob storage provided by Azure?<\/strong> Azure Table Storage:<\/strong> This type of storage lets user deploy their applications with semi-structured data and a NoSQL-based key-value store.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n This is used when there is a need for applications that follow a flexible schema of data.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Table Storage focuses on enterprise-level data and follows strongly consistent models. Azure Queue Storage:<\/strong> This storage provides a message queue system for handling large workloads by letting users develop and build flexible and modular applications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n This storage ensures that the application becomes less prone to failure of individual components and is scalable.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n With the help of message queues, it provides the queue monitoring feature for helping the application to ensure the user demands are met.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Azure File Storage:<\/strong> This storage type provides features of file sharing that are accessible using SMB (Server Message Block) Protocol. The data in this storage is protected by HTTPS and SMB 3.0 Protocol.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n They are used for improving the performance and capabilities of on-premise applications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n The OS deployments and hardware management is taken by Azure itself.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 6. What are IaaS, PaaS and SaaS?<\/strong><\/p>\n The following table shows the difference between the On-Prem Service, IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS services. We can observe that as we go right, the level of control the developer or the user has over the application reduces.<\/p>\n 7. Consider a scenario where an application front end hosting is done on Azure but the customer needs the database hosting to be done on on-premise server due to security concerns. What are the ways to handle the connectivity in Azure for this scenario?<\/strong><\/p>\n 8. What are the possible causes of the client application to be disconnected from the cache?<\/strong> Conclusion<\/strong> Here are some of the most frequently asked Azure interview questions.<\/p>\n Q1. What is Microsoft Azure, and how does it differ from traditional on-premises infrastructure?<\/strong> Q2. What is the Azure Resource Manager (ARM), and why is it important?<\/strong> Q3. What are Azure Virtual Machines (VMs), and when should you use them?<\/strong> Q4. What is Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), and how does it differ from on-premises Active Directory?<\/strong> Q5. How does Azure handle data security and compliance?<\/strong> Cloud computing is simply the use of technological resources to store, retrieve, and process data over the internet for increased speed, availability, scalability, and cost savings. Cloud service providers are companies that provide the resources for doing these things. Microsoft Azure is one such cloud service provider. On February 1, 2010, Microsoft launched Azure, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[147],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interview-questions"],"yoast_head":"\n
\nCloud computing is the use of computing resources (servers) on the internet (referred to as the cloud) for data storage, management, analysis, and processing. We use infrastructure provided and maintained by third-party vendors such as Microsoft, AWS, and others instead of maintaining our own servers, and we pay them based on the duration of server usage.
\nCloud computing speeds up execution, ensures resource flexibility, and allows for scalability.
\nCloud computing can be used to achieve high fault tolerance and system availability, which can be done dynamically based on the infrastructure requirements of the application.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Cloud Service is a classic platform as a service (PaaS) example. This was created to support applications that require high scalability, reliability, and availability while maintaining low operational costs. These are hosted on virtual VMs, and Azure provides more control over them by letting the developers install the necessary software and enabling them to control them remotely.
\nAzure cloud services are used to deploy multi-tier web-based applications in Azure by launching a cloud service instance. It is also possible to define multiple roles for distributed processing, such as web roles, worker roles, and so on. Azure cloud services aid in the application’s easier and more flexible scalability.
\nEach cloud service role has its own purpose, as well as its own configuration and application files.<\/p>\n
\nThere are 3 models available for cloud deployment:
\nModels For Cloud Deployment<\/p>\n\n
\nThis might include the scenario of using on-premise servers for processing confidential, sensitive data and using public cloud features for hosting public-facing applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nA role instance is nothing but a virtual machine where the application code runs with the help of running role configurations. There can also be multiple instances of a role as per the definition in the cloud service configuration files.<\/p>\n
\nCloud service roles comprise a set of application and configuration files. There are 2 kinds of roles provided by Azure:<\/p>\n\n
\nAzure Diagnostics API helps us collect diagnostic data such as performance monitoring, system event logs, etc from the applications that are running on Azure.
\nFor the verbose monitoring of the data, Azure Diagnostics has to be enabled for the cloud service roles.
\nThe diagnostics data can be used for building visual chart representations for better monitoring and also for creating performance metric alerts.<\/p>\n
\nThe Azure SLA is a contract that ensures or guarantees that when two or more role instances of a role are deployed on Azure, access to that cloud service is guaranteed for at least 99.95% of the time.
\nIt also states that if the role instance process is not in the running state, then the detection of such processes and corrective action for the same will be taken 99.9% percent of the time.
\nIf the mentioned guarantees are not satisfied at any point in time, then Azure credits a percentage of monthly fees to us depending on the pricing model of the respective Azure services.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Resource Manager is a service offered by Azure that allows for management and application deployment in the cloud. The management layer provided by the resource manager allows the developer to create, modify, or delete resources in the Azure subscription account. This feature comes in handy when we have requirements like managing access controls, locks, ensuring the security of the resources post-deployment, and organization of those resources.<\/p>\n
\nNSG stands for Network Security Group that has a list of ACL (Access Control List) rules which either allows\/denies network traffic to subnets or NICs (Network Interface Card) connected to a subnet or both. When NSG is linked with a subnet, then the ACL rules are applied to all the Virtual Machines in that subnet.
\nRestrictions of traffic to individual NIC can be done by associating NSG directly to that NIC.<\/p>\nIntermediate Azure Interview Questions<\/h2>\n
\nIt is an open-source, in-memory Redis cache system provided and maintained by Azure.
\nIt helps the web applications to improve the performance by fetching data from the backend database and storing it into the Redis cache for the first request and then fetching data from the Redis cache for all subsequent requests.
\nAzure Redis Cache provides powerful and secure caching mechanisms by making use of the Azure cloud.<\/p>\n
\nThese are the Azure computation resources that can be used to deploy and manage sets of identical Virtual Machines (VMs).
\nThese scale sets are configured in the same manner and are designed to support the autoscaling of the applications without the need for pre-provisioning of the VMs.
\nThey help to build large-scale applications targeting big data and containerized workloads in an easier manner.<\/p>\n
\nAvailability Set is nothing but a logical grouping of VMs (Virtual Machines) that allows Azure cloud to understand how the application was developed for providing availability and redundancy.
\nEach VM in the availability set is assigned 2 kinds of domains by Azure:<\/p>\n\n
\nAzure provides flexibility to configure up to 3 fault domains and 20 update domains for an availability set.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nAzure provides two deployment environments, they are:
\nStaging Environment: This environment is used for validating the changes of our application before making them live into the main environment.
\nHere, the application is identified by means of GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) of Azure which has the URL as: GUID.cloudapp.net
\nProduction Environment: This is the main environment where our application goes live and can be accessed by the target audience which can be accessed by means of DNS friendly URL: appName.cloudapp.net<\/p>\n
\nThe following steps need to be performed when the drive failure occurs:
\nTo make sure that the Azure Storage functions without fail, we need to ensure that the drive is not mounted.
\nReplace the drive so that the drive gets remounted and formatted.<\/p>\n
\nYes, it is possible and is done by means of the Transient Fault Handling Block. There can be multiple causes of transient failures while using the cloud environment:
\nDue to the presence of more load balancers, we can see that the application to database connections fail periodically.
\nWhile using multi-tenant services, the calls get slower and eventually time out because other applications are using resources to hit the same resource heavily.
\nThe last cause can be we ourselves as the user trying to hit the resource very frequently which causes the service to deliberately deny the connection to us to support other tenants in the architecture.<\/p>\n
\nAzure storage key is used for authentication for validating access for the azure storage service to control access of data based on the project requirements.
\n2 types of storage keys are given for the authentication purpose –
\nPrimary Access Key
\nSecondary Access Key
\nThe main purpose of the secondary access key is for avoiding downtime of the website or application.<\/p>\n
\nIt is a command-line tool that is used for generating service package files. The tool also helps in preparing the application for deployment in Microsoft Azure or compute emulator.
\nEvery project of cloud service type has the .cscfg file which is basically the cloud service configuration file that is generated by means of cspack tool and is primarily used to store:
\nThe number of role instances for the deployment of each role in the project.
\nThe thumbprint of the certificates.
\nUser-defined configuration and settings.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Functions service can be used for executing the code without a server.
\nServerless Azure Functions are used for simplifying complex orchestration and challenging resolutions. They are meant for being stateless and short-lived.
\nThey help to connect with other services without the need for hard coding of the integrations thereby making the development process faster.
\nIt helps the developer to write and concentrate on the business logic code thereby saving time and effort.
\nThey also provide the features of monitoring and analyzing code performance by means of Azure Application Insights that help in identifying bottlenecks and failure points across the components of the application.<\/p>\n
\nAzure offers a service called Azure File System, which is used as a common repository system for sharing data across Virtual Machines configured using protocols such as SMB, FTPS, NFS, and so on.<\/p>\nAzure Interview Questions For Experienced<\/h2>\n
\nAzure Scheduler helps us to invoke certain background trigger events or activities like calling HTTP\/S endpoints or to present a message on the queue on any schedule.
\nBy using this Azure Schedule, the jobs present in the cloud call services present within and outside of the Azure to execute those jobs on-demand that are routinely on a repeated regular schedule or start those jobs at a future specified date.<\/p>\n
\nYes, it can be done by defining a separate Load Balancer Role in Azure.<\/p>\n
\nYes, it is totally possible by making use of the Site Recovery Service provided by Azure. It is capable of handling fail-over and fail-back scenarios between On-Prem Servers and Azure environments.<\/p>\n
\nThis issue can be stopped by making use of VM Scale sets by defining proper configuration and conditions to provision a new VM whenever the load to the application increases.
\nAzure VM Scale Sets lets the developer create and manage a group of VMs that are load balanced. The scale sets can be configured in such a way that the count of VMs can automatically be increased or decreased based on the application demand or based on a pre-defined schedule.
\nUsage of Scale Sets ensures high availability of the applications and allows the developers to manage, update and configure large VMs centrally and also help them support the development of large-scale applications supporting big data, big workloads, and compute loads.
\nAzure scale sets can support up to 1,000 VMs. If the custom VM images are created and uploaded, then the limit is 600 VMs.<\/p>\n
\nAzure provides overall 4 types of storage services – Blob Service, Table Storage, Queue Storage, and File Storage Services as shown in the figure below:<\/p>\n\n
\nThe data is represented in terms of Entities grouped under tables.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n
\n
\nThere can be 2 possible causes:<\/p>\n\n
Server-side causes:<\/h3>\n
\n
\nBecause of its more than 200 service offerings and pay-per-use pricing strategy, Microsoft Azure has proven to be the fastest-growing cloud platform. Microsoft Azure’s revenue has steadily increased from $880 million in 2015 to a whopping $14.6 billion in 2020. This phenomenal growth in Azure has paved the way for many businesses by creating numerous opportunities in both tech and non-tech domains, making it a very lucrative domain for building a career. <\/p>\nFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/h2>\n
\nMicrosoft Azure is a cloud computing platform and service provided by Microsoft. It offers a wide range of services, including virtual machines, databases, AI and machine learning tools, and more, which can be accessed and managed over the internet. Unlike traditional on-premises infrastructure, Azure allows businesses to scale resources up or down as needed, pay only for what they use, and avoid the upfront costs and maintenance associated with physical hardware.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Resource Manager (ARM) is the management layer in Azure that provides a unified way to deploy, manage, and organize Azure resources. It allows you to create templates (ARM templates) to define the infrastructure and resources your application needs. ARM templates enable infrastructure as code (IaC), making it easier to automate deployments, ensure consistency, and manage complex Azure environments efficiently.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Virtual Machines (VMs) are on-demand, scalable computing resources in the Azure cloud. They allow you to run Windows or Linux virtual machines in the cloud. You should use Azure VMs when you need control over the operating system and software stack, require flexibility to customize and manage the virtual machine, and need to run applications that may not be cloud-native.<\/p>\n
\nAzure Active Directory (Azure AD) is Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management service. It provides identity services for applications and resources hosted in Azure and other cloud environments. Unlike on-premises Active Directory, which primarily focuses on authentication and access control within an organization’s network, Azure AD extends identity and access management to cloud-based resources, enabling secure and seamless access from anywhere.<\/p>\n
\nAzure takes data security and compliance seriously. It provides a range of security features, including data encryption in transit and at rest, identity and access management, network security groups, and threat detection services. Azure also offers compliance certifications for various industry standards and regulations, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. Customers can configure and manage their security policies and controls to meet their specific requirements while leveraging Azure’s robust security infrastructure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"