{"id":11451,"date":"2022-12-28T11:40:50","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T11:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prepbytes.com\/blog\/?p=11451"},"modified":"2023-09-22T09:59:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T09:59:59","slug":"class-program-in-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prepbytes.com\/blog\/class-program-in-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Class Program in C++"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

In this article, we will write a Class program in C++. We are about to delve into the realm of C++ classes and objects, exploring their definitions and their application in crafting Object-Oriented Programs. Join us as we initiate this journey.<\/p>\n

What is Object Oriented Programming?<\/h2>\n

Before we directly understand what classes and objects are, we first need to understand this object-oriented programming paradigm. So, object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm in which we consider programming entities as objects and we deal with objects and classes using the pillars of object-oriented programming like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

These 4 pillars of object-oriented programming help us make the code reusable and gives modularity to the code. we can state that object-oriented programming is a style of programming that, by emphasizing real-world elements (called objects), greatly simplifies programming.<\/p>\n

We know that C++ has datatypes like int, float, etc. However, when we talk about real-world applications, the data is not that simple. For example, if we have an application for a School, there we don\u2019t have the data in the form of int or string or float, etc. We have the data in the form of real-world entities i.e. students, teachers, classes, etc. For better managing the code and understanding and handling the real-world data, we use Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS).<\/p>\n

So, let us now understand what are classes and objects.<\/p>\n

What are Objects in OOPS?<\/h2>\n

We will talk about the formal definition of an object later. For now, we can state that an object is a real-world entity. An object has both properties and behavior. What do we mean by properties and behavior? Consider the following example.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The above-shown image shows a car. It can be considered an object. This is because a car has its properties like its color, brand name, model name, etc., and it also has functions or behaviors like accelerating, decelerating, etc.<\/p>\n

A pen is also an example of an object. This is because it has its own properties like color, brand, etc., and has the function of writing. <\/p>\n

The formal definition of an object is as follows; \u201cAn object is an instance of a class.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Since we have not yet studied what a class is, we will not be able to understand the formal definition. So, let us first understand the meaning of a Class.<\/p>\n

What are Classes in OOPS?<\/h2>\n

A class is a blueprint of objects.<\/strong> Like we have a blueprint of a building and it tells us the number of rooms and floors in a building but does not tell us exactly what the rooms would look like (i.e. the room interiors), similarly a class defines the properties and behaviors of the objects, however, the values of those properties and the way they behave might vary from object to object.<\/p>\n

For instance, a Car is a class. However, a particular car with black color, \u201cAudi\u201d brand name, and \u201cA4\u201d model name can accelerate to a maximum speed of 241 Kmph is an object. This is because there can be another car with a different color, brand, and model name that might only accelerate to 180 Kmph. So, there is a change in the properties (brand name, model name, and color name) and behavior (maximum acceleration). <\/p>\n

So, this clears up the formal definition of an Object too i.e. an object is an instance of a class.<\/p>\n

Now that we have understood what classes and objects are, let us create a class program in C++.<\/p>\n

Class program in C++<\/h2>\n

The basic syntax for creating a class is shown below.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

So, the properties that are kept inside a class (for instance color or brand name in the case of a car or a pen) are called the data members<\/strong> of that class. The functions that we write inside a class (for instance acceleration in the case of a car) are called member functions<\/strong> or member methods<\/strong> or simply, methods.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Access specifiers are required to specify at what levels are the data members and methods accessible outside the class. For instance, a public data member of a class can be accessed from outside the class and a private data member can only be accessed inside the class only. We will study access specifiers in some other articles in detail.<\/p>\n

Now let us discuss what we are going to create. <\/p>\n

Our Class Program in C++<\/h3>\n

We will create a Student class. This class, as the name suggests, defines the properties and behaviors of students. To keep it pretty simple, we will have just the name of the student, the roll number, and the marks as the data members and have a setdata() and a printData() method. The class and its object creation are shown below.<\/p>\n

Class Program in C++<\/strong>
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t