Last Updated on December 11, 2023 by Ankit Kochar
In the intricate landscape of computer systems, the role of a Network Operating System (NOS) emerges as a linchpin, orchestrating seamless communication and collabora tion among interconnected devices. Unlike traditional operating systems that focus on individual machines, a Network Operating System extends its reach to manage and coordinate activities across a network of computers. This entails overseeing file sharing, resource allocation, user access, and various network-centric functions. This exploration delves into the realm of Network Operating Systems, unraveling their significance, functionalities, and the pivotal role they play in fostering a cohesive and interconnected computing environment.
What is a Network Operating System?
A Network Operating System (NOS) is an operating system specifically designed to manage and facilitate the communication and coordination of activities among a group of interconnected computers or devices within a network. Unlike traditional standalone operating systems that focus on managing a single computer’s resources, a Network Operating System extends its capabilities to address the unique requirements of networked environments. Its primary function is to enable file sharing and provide access to printers on a private network, a local area network, or other networks with many devices.
Functions of Network Operating System
Here are some functions of the network operating system:
- It establishes and maintains user profiles on the network.
- It regulates who has access to what network resources.
- It controls and configures the network’s resources.
- In order to improve the implementation of network functionalities, it uses protocols over the network.
- By using access management and user authentication, it enables a secure connection between two workstations.
Types of Network Operating Systems
Network operating systems are of two types:
- Peer-to-peer Network Operating System
- Client Server Network Operating System
Let’s talk about each one of them in detail.
Peer-to-Peer Network Operating System
A network of computers that share equal responsibility and authority over data processing is known as a peer-to-peer network. It enables resource pooling over a smaller, more accessible network. In terms of their features, capacities, and roles, every device in the network design is comparable to every other device. Every component in the network has the same connections to other nodes. Since there is no hierarchy of superiors or inferiors among the systems, there is no master-slave connection.
In smaller settings with no more than 25 workstations, a peer-to-peer network operating system enables numerous computers to share resources among scanners, printers, and CD-ROMs. A network adapter card is used to link devices in a peer-to-peer network. We can link the computers together with the aid of network cabling and a network hub or switch. No one is in control of the workgroup, and each computer is treated equally. Each machine on the network is in charge of monitoring user accounts and security settings. Due to the absence of a centralized login system, there is very little protection among the workgroups. Any person logged into a peer-to-peer network has access to shared resources. Due to the lack of a centralized security system, users can manage resource sharing using passwords as well as the accessibility and sharing of files and directories.
Advantages of Peer To Peer Network Operating System
Some of the advantages of peer-to-peer network operating systems are:
- As there is no centralized system to handle the network, peer-to-peer network operating systems require less upkeep and are less expensive to set up.
- This kind of network operating system operates without the need for specialized devices.
- A dedicated network administrator is not necessary to configure network rules in a peer-to-peer network operating system. By selecting the types of files they want to exchange, each user controls their system within the network.
- Twisted pair cable is used in its construction.
Disadvantages of Peer To Peer Network Operating System
Below are some disadvantages of peer-to-peer network operating systems:
- The security of a peer-to-peer network operating system is a frequent drawback. Because of share-level protection, it is less secure.
- The entire system is disrupted when a single component in the system network fails.
- The system’s efficiency suffers as the network gets bigger. Because every computer on the network has authority over it, this is the case.
- Operating systems for peer-to-peer networks are unable to keep track of the users attempting to reach a specific resource.
- The network is not under centralized authority. There is no singular person in charge of network administration. Instead, all users have access to the computer’s tools and files.
- Each common resource needs a password in order to be controlled. Since there can be numerous shared resources in a network, it can become tough to remember a large number of passwords.
Client-Server Network Operating System
An operating system for client-server networks has a client in the front and a server in the rear. Additionally, it has a server-based network where users can access tools for processing and storage. Servers and clients split the burden. The main computer offers access.
The server complies with the customers’ requests for printing, document storage, digital mail, and many other services. The server processes all group offerings. A database that is viewed by numerous computers on a network is involved in the Client-Server Network Operating System application. On the server, the information is kept. Database requests are sent by the consumers to the server, which processes them. The completed database searches are then transmitted across the network to the clients. A server has the capacity to service many clients at once.
Advantages of Client-Server Network Operating System
Advantages of Client-Server Network Operating System are as follows:
- A Client-Server Network Operating System is more secure than a Peer-to-Peer Network Operating System because it has a centralized data security mechanism.
- The workload is distributed among the clients and the server, which lowers network bandwidth.
- In contrast to peer-to-peer network operating systems, which only cover local areas, client-server network operating systems cover a much wider area. Since users have access to files and resources on the computer, peer-to-peer networks are used in settings where security is not a concern, such as small companies and home networks. Because new clients and servers are introduced as needed to expand the network, client-server networks can reach farther.
- A Client-Server Network Operating System can access the server remotely across numerous platforms.
Disadvantages of Client-Server Network Operating Systems
The disadvantages of Client-Server Network Operating System are as follows:
- Due to the burden being concentrated on one server, Client-Server Network Operating System performs poorly. Network managers who have undergone training manage the network. To address the issues quicker, more administrators must be hired.
- A Client-Server Network is more expensive to implement because it relies on the resources, security, and connections used. The expense is further increased by the price of the server.
- The entire network fails if there is a problem in any one area.
Features of Network Operating Systems
Features associated with Network Operating System include:
- It offers the required operating system support, such as hardware recognition, multiprocessing, and processor and protocol support.
- It enables the exchange of software and printers.
- Sharing of file systems and datasets is possible.
- Along with access control and user authentication, it offers network protection.
- It offers internetworking, a directory, and online services.
- It produces a data copy.
Advantages of Network Operating Systems
Advantages of Network Operating System are as follows:
- Central computers in network operating systems give them a high level of stability.
- Utilizing user authentication and access control features, they safeguard the network.
- With newer hardware and technologies, the network is readily upgradeable.
- Remote access to servers is possible from many different places. Software like VPN, a hardwired network interface, Wi-Fi, or joining via the internet can all be used to access it.
Disadvantages of Network Operating Systems
Disadvantages of Network Operating System are as follows:
- Depending on the server’s central location, various activities are carried out.
- A Network Operating System needs a lot of technical upkeep, so the setup cost is too high.
- It must be updated and maintained frequently to function properly.
Examples of Network Operating Systems
UNIX, Linux, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Novell NetWare, Banyan’s VINES, Artisoft’s LANtastic, Mac OS X, and BSD.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Network Operating System stands as a cornerstone in the realm of interconnected computing, fostering collaboration and resource sharing among a network of machines. Whether in a local area network (LAN) or a broader global network, NOS plays a crucial role in managing user access, data sharing, and network resources. As technology advances and networks evolve, the importance of a robust and efficient Network Operating System becomes increasingly evident. From facilitating streamlined communication to optimizing resource utilization, NOS continues to be a key component in the orchestration of interconnected computing ecosystems.
FAQs related to Network operating system
Here are some of the FAQs related to Network Operating System:
1. What are the 3 network operating system?
The three most popular operating systems are UNIX, Windows, and MS-DOS.
2. How does a Network Operating System differ from a regular operating system?
While a traditional operating system focuses on managing a single computer’s resources, a Network Operating System extends its capabilities to oversee and coordinate activities across multiple interconnected computers. It emphasizes functions such as file sharing, user access control, and network resource management.
3. What are the key functions of a Network Operating System?
Key functions of a Network Operating System include:
- Facilitating file and resource sharing across the network.
- Managing user access and permissions.
- Coordinating communication between devices.
- Providing centralized control over network resources.
- Implementing security measures to protect networked data.
4. Can you provide examples of Network Operating Systems?
Examples of Network Operating Systems include Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows Server (in its server editions), Linux with networking capabilities, and UNIX variants designed for network environments.
5. How does a Network Operating System enhance collaboration in a networked environment?
A Network Operating System enhances collaboration by providing mechanisms for efficient file sharing, centralized user authentication, and resource allocation. This enables users across the network to work collaboratively, share data seamlessly, and access shared resources with proper permissions.
6. Which type of OS is windows?
Microsoft created and distributes a number of proprietary graphical operating system types under the name Windows. Each family serves a particular segment of the computer business. Windows NT for end users, Windows Server for servers, and Windows IoT for embedded devices are a few examples.
7. What are the basics of networking?
Computer networks use cables, fibre optics, or wireless signals to link nodes like computers, routers, and switches. These links enable communication and resource sharing among networked devices. Networks adhere to protocols, which outline the sending and receiving of messages.
8. Is Linux a free operating system?
Linux is an operating system that is free and open source and distributed under the GNU General Public Agreement (GPL). As long as they do so in accordance with the same licence, anyone may execute, study, change, redistribute, and even sell copies of their modified code.