Last Updated on September 22, 2023 by Mayank Dham
Pattern printing is a fascinating aspect of programming that involves creating intricate designs using characters or symbols. These patterns not only showcase the creative potential of programming but also serve as exercises in logical thinking and algorithmic problem-solving. In this article, we delve into the world of pattern programs in C++, unraveling the techniques and strategies behind crafting captivating patterns. From simple patterns to more complex designs, we embark on a journey to master the artistry of pattern printing through C++.
Print triangle using "*", numbers, and characters
We shall employ two nested loops with iterable variables like I and j in order to print a triangle pattern programme in C++. The following is the complete reasoning for printing a triangle using x, where x can be a letter, number, or *:
- Take input from the user of the number of rows in the triangle. Let it be rows.
- Iterate for i=0 to i=rows-1 and do :
- Iterate for j=0 to j=rows and print x + space each time i.e cout << x << " ";
- Terminate the current line, i.e. cout << endl;
When we put the aforementioned logic into practice, the inner loop will print x once in the first row, twice in the second row, and so forth.
Tips: The first for loop simply needs to be changed so that we iterate from i=rows – 1 to i=0 in order to output the inverted triangle, and we are good to go.
Code 1: Printing half pyramid using *
To print a half pyramid/triangle using , we will replace the x with , and we are good to go.
Code Implementation
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * * * * Code 2: Printing half pyramid using numbers
Again to print a pyramid of numbers, we need to replace x with i+1, where i+1 denotes the row number. Here it is i+1 because we are starting i from 0.
Code Implementation
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << i + 1 << " ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 Code 3: Printing half pyramid using Alphabets
Similarly, we will replace the x with the desired alphabets to print a pyramid of alphabets.
Code Implementation
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << (char)('A' + j) << " ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E
A B C D E F Printing rectangle pattern
Coding a rectangle pattern program in C++ is similar to printing a matrix of dimensions n×m.
The logic is as follows :
- Consider the dimensions (rows and columns) of the rectangle as input. Allow for rows and columns.
- Run the following code in iterations from i=0 to i=rows:
- Iterate from j=0 to j=cols and print x + space each time i.ei.e cout << x << " ";
- Terminate the current line, i.e. cout << endl;
Code Implementation to print rectangle in C
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows, cols;
cin >> rows;
cin >> cols;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
for( int j = 0; j < cols; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
* * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * Printing Hollow Rectangle Pattern
The process to code the hollow rectangle pattern program in C++ is almost the same as printing a normal rectangle with the only difference that while printing a hollow rectangle, we need to take care of printing empty spaces for non-border cells.
The logic is as follows :
- Take the input of rows and columns (dimensions) of the rectangle. Let them be rows and cols.
- Iterate from i=0 to i=rows and do the following :
- Iterate from j=0 to j=cols and do the following :
- If current is the border cell of a rectangle i.e.i.e. i = 0 OR i = rows – 1 OR j = 0 OR j = cols – 1 print * + space.
- Otherwise, print blank space.
Code Implementation for Printing Hollow Rectangle Pattern
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int rows, cols;
cin >> rows;
cin >> cols;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
if (i == 0 || i == rows - 1 || j == 0 || j == cols - 1)
cout << "* ";
else
cout << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
* * * * * *
* *
* *
* * * * * * Floyd’s triangle
In Floyd’s triangle, we need to print numbers, but it is also required to increase the number by 1 each time we print it. Floyd’s Triangle is similar to the half triangle using numbers, with the only difference being that in Floyd’s triangle, we need to maintain a counter which will be incremented by one each time it is printed.
The logic is as follows :
- Take input from the user of the number of rows in the triangle. Let it be rows.
- Define a variable, say counter and initialize its value to 0.
- Iterate for i=0 to i=rows-1 and do :
- Iterate for j=0 to j=rows and do the following :
- Print count + space each time i.e. cout << count << " ";
- Increase the value of count by 1 i.e. count++.
- Terminate the current line, i.e. cout << endl;
Code Implementation for Floyd Triangle
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
int counter = 1;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << (counter++) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 Butterfly Pattern
To easily print the butterfly pattern in C++, we will split our code into two parts, i.e., print the upper part in the first go and then the second part.
The logic is as follows :
- Take input from the user of the number of rows in the Butterfly pattern. Let it be rows.
- Iterate from i=0 to i=rows-1 and do the following –
- Iterate from j=0 to j=i and print + Blank space i.e.i.e. cout << "" << " ";
- Define a variable to find the number of spaces needed to be printed; say it to be spacespace.
- Initialize its value to be 2×(rows−i).
- Iterate from j=0 to j=spaces−1 and print blank spaces.
- Iterate from j=0 to j=i and print + Blank space i.e. cout << "" << " ";
- Terminate the line, i.e.i.e. count << endl;
- Repeat the above-given steps, but this time Iterate from i=rows−1 to i=0. This will print the lower part, as we have already printed the upper part.
Code Implementation for Butterfly Pattern
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
for( int i = 0; i <= rows; i++ ){
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
int spaces = 2 * (rows - i);
for( int j = 0; j < spaces; j++){
cout << " ";
}
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
cout << endl;
}
for( int i = rows - 1; i >= 0; i-- ){
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
int spaces = 2 * (rows - i);
for( int j = 0; j < spaces; j++){
cout << " ";
}
for( int j = 0; j <= i; j++ ){
cout << "* ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
* *
* * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * *
* * Full Pyramid
Printing the full pyramid is almost the same as printing the half pyramid. We need to print space before printing the *s.
The logic is as follows :
- Take input from the user of the number of rows in the triangle. Let it be rows.
- Iterate from i=0 to i=rows – 1 and do the following :
- Define a variable to find the number of spaces needed to be printed. Say it to be space.
- Initialize its value to be rows – i.
- Iterate from j=0 to j=space – 1 and print double spaces.
- Iterate from j=0 to j=2×i−1 and print *+space.
- Terminate the line i.e. cout << endl;
C Code Implementation for Full Pyramid
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows;
cin >> rows;
for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ ) {
int spaces = rows - i;
for( int j = 0; j < spaces; j++){
cout <<" ";
}
for( int j = 0; j < 2 * i - 1; j++){
cout <<"* ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
*
* * *
* * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * Conclusion
All kinds of patterns can be easily printed by correctly using nested for loops (or while/do-while loops). To make it easier, code can be split into two parts, just like in the Butterfly pattern. In some pattern programs in C++, we should take utmost care of blank spaces to make the pattern.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mastering a pattern program in C++ opens up a world of possibilities for creating intricate designs, solving algorithmic challenges, and enhancing your problem-solving skills. Through this article, we’ve explored various types of patterns, from simple shapes to more complex structures, and delved into the logic and code behind each one. By understanding the fundamental concepts such as loops, nested loops, and control structures, you’re well-equipped to take on a wide range of pattern programming tasks. As you continue to practice and experiment with different patterns, you’ll develop a deeper understanding of how loops interact and how to manipulate them to achieve desired outcomes. In some pattern programs in C++, we should take utmost care of blank spaces to make the pattern.
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Related to C++ pattern programs
Here are some FAQs related to pattern program in CPP.
Q1: What is pattern programming in C++?
Pattern programming involves creating various visual patterns using characters or symbols in the C++ programming language. These patterns can range from simple shapes like triangles and squares to more intricate designs involving repeated sequences.
Q2: What are the key concepts to understand when working with patterns in C++?
Understanding loops (for, while, and do-while) and nested loops is crucial for pattern programming. Loops enable you to repeat certain actions or characters, while nested loops allow for more complex patterns by combining multiple levels of repetition.
Q3: How can I create a simple pattern in C++?
To create a simple pattern, use nested loops. The outer loop controls the number of rows, and the inner loop controls the number of characters printed in each row. By manipulating loop variables and conditions, you can achieve various patterns.